Nkọwa & Mmalite nke Chip
Chip - okwu ọnụ maka ngwaahịa akụkụ semiconductor, sekit agbakwunyere, nke a na-ebelata dị ka IC; ma ọ bụ microcircuits, microchips, wafers / ibe, na ngwá electronic bụ ụzọ nke miniaturizing sekit (tumadi semiconductor ngwaọrụ, kamakwa passive components, wdg) na site n'oge ruo n'oge arụpụtara n'elu nke semiconductor wafers.
Site na 1949 ruo 1957, prototypes e mepụtara Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, Yasuo Tarui, ma nke oge a Integrated sekit e mepụtara Jack Kilby na 1958. E nyere ya Nobel Nrite maka Physics na 2000, ma Robert Noyce, bụ onye mepekwara otu oge a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma9.
Nnukwu uru nke mgbawa
Mgbe emepụtara na mmepụta oke nke transistor, a na-eji ihe dị iche iche semiconductor siri ike dị ka diodes na transistor mee ihe n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, na-anọchi ọrụ na ọrụ nke oghere oghere na sekit. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị narị afọ nke 20, ọganihu na teknụzụ nrụpụta semiconductor mere ka sekit jikọtara ọnụ kwe omume. E jiri ya tụnyere sekit ejiri aka gbakọta nke na-eji ngwa eletrọnịkị pụrụ iche pụrụ iche, sekit jikọtara ọnụ nwere ike ijikọ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke micro-transistors n'ime obere mgbawa, nke bụ nnukwu ọganihu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ arụpụtaghị ihe, ntụkwasị obi, na usoro modular maka imewe sekit nke sekit agbakwunyere na-eme ka nkwekọ ngwa ngwa nke sekit agbakwunyere ahazi kama iji transistor pụrụ iche chepụta ya.
Sekit jikọtara ọnụ nwere uru abụọ dị mkpa karịa transistor pụrụ iche: ọnụ ahịa na arụmọrụ. Ọnụ ego dị ala bụ n'ihi na mgbawa na-ebipụta ihe niile dị ka otu, kama ịme naanị otu transistor n'otu oge. Ọrụ dị elu bụ n'ihi ihe ndị na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa ma na-eri obere ume n'ihi na ihe ndị ahụ dị ntakịrị na nso ibe ha. 2006, ebe mgbawa na-esi na milimita square ole na ole ruo 350 mm² ma nwee ike iru otu nde transistor kwa mm².
(Enwere ike ịnwe transistor ijeri 30 n'ime!)
Kedu ka mgbawa si arụ ọrụ
Ihe mgbawa bụ sekit jikọtara ọnụ nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke transistor. Iberibe dị iche iche nwere nha njikọta dị iche iche, sitere na ọtụtụ narị nde; ruo iri iri ma ọ bụ narị transistor. Transistor nwere steeti abụọ, ngbanwu na gbanyụọ, nke 1s na 0 nọchiri anya ya. Otutu 1s na 0s emepụtara site na otutu transistors, nke edobere na ọrụ ụfọdụ (ntụgharị, ntuziaka na data) iji nọchite anya ma ọ bụ hazie mkpụrụedemede, ọnụọgụ, agba, eserese, wdg Mgbe agbachara mgbawa ahụ, ọ na-ebu ụzọ mepụta nkuzi mmalite ka ịmalite mgbawa, ma emesia ọ nọgidere na-enweta ntuziaka ọhụrụ na data iji mezue ọrụ ahụ.
Oge nzipu: Jun-03-2019
